INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Moreover, BPA interacted with various nuclear receptors, including the thyroid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, pregnane X receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (Pparg).[3] These binding interactions are associated with enhanced adipogenesis, suppression of insulin secretion in pancreatic islets, and impaired insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of obesity and IR.