These included APOL1, one of four genes previously associated with high tumor grade and poor prognosis in ccRCC53; SQSTM1 (encoding p62), associated with high-grade ccRCCs and ccRCC oncogenesis54; and CD70, implicated in immune evasion.55 Composite metagenes based on these gene signatures reflected Chr14q status in bulk RNA-seq analysis of tumors from the TCGA-KIRC cohort (Figure 4M), demonstrating the generalizability of our findings. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and neoplasm.