Upregulated DEGs are also involved in signaling pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), neurogenic locus notch (NOTCH), human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis C (HPC) infection (IRF9, and HEY2), gastric (HOXA2, and PHB1), non-small and small cell lung cancer (RXRG), chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation (BCL6 and RXRG), and pathways in cancer (HEY2 and RXRG). This evidence concerns the gene IRF9 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.