VEGFA and acute kidney injury: Due to the complexity in quantifying the varying impacts of these processes for AKI in individual patients, attempts have been made to determine if biomarkers theoretically linked to processes of hypoperfusion (heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), IRI (midkine), and proinflammation (proinflammatory cytokines) (13, 14) exhibit biopredictive significance in clinically detectable AKI.