CD274 and neoplasm: 2021). Another study found that the combination of APS with cisplatin not only significantly slowed tumor growth in a mouse model induced by cisplatin-resistant melanoma cells, but also potentially down-regulated the expression of PD-L1 in these drug-resistant cells, contributing to the reversal of drug resistance. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (Gong et al. 2022).