MMP2 and melanoma: 2018). Study have demonstrated that gambogic acid exhibits anti-melanoma effects by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor angiogenesis. It also decreases the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes, thereby reducing the invasion and migration of melanoma cells. Additionally, gambogic acid significantly inhibits the growth of A375 cells. This inhibitory effect may be attributed to its impact on the PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways, which are crucial in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation (Li et al. 2019).