Given the role that HSPs play in AR activity, and the demonstration that the GO Cellular Response to Heat gene expression signature associates with oncogenic AR signaling and poorer prognosis in advanced prostate cancer, we next explored whether targeting the HSF1 pathway, which regulates the canonical heat shock stress response and has been shown to modulate the AR, could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRPC (18, 20, 28, 39, 58–61). Here, HSF1 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.