This is reinforced by the fact that the only EV liquid biopsy-based cancer diagnostic tests that have reached clinical application use total EVs including ExoDxTM Lung (ALK) and ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI), which analyse mRNAs extracted from total EVs as biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer respectively, with high sensitivity and specificity55,56. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is prostate cancer.