While more research is required in many areas, current evidence suggests testosterone tends to exacerbate disease caused by kinetoplastids, although it may be protective in the case of HAT, prolactin is important for controlling Chagas disease, progesterone’s role is unclear, and oestrogen often enhances immune clearance of Leishmania but has less characterized impacts for Chagas disease and HAT. Here, PRL is linked to Chagas disease.