VCP and cancer: Distinct mechanisms of action have been evoked for ebastine, including inhibition of the Polycomb Group Protein, Enhancer of zester homolog 2 (EZH2), and H3K27 tri-methylation, focal adhesion kinase, VCP/p97 ATPase, or JAK2/STAT3 and MEK/ERK signaling, or activation of AMPK/ULK1 signaling in various cancer cell lines 52, 53.