Based on previous studies showing that mtDNA stress activates innate immune systems via unphosphorylated-ISGF3 (U-ISGF3) and that ISGF3 acts as a tumor suppressor in RCC 16, 18, 29, we hypothesized that GLDC could regulate RCC progression via ISGF3. Here, STAT2 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.