EGFR and Cognitive impairment: Notably, the decreased EGFR and phosphorylated PI3K/Akt levels induced by anesthesia and surgery were substantially reversed through hippocampal neuron-specific Lingo1 knockdown (Figure 7C), further demonstrating that the upregulation of Lingo1 in hippocampal neurons plays crucial roles in the development of postoperative cognitive deficits through the inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway.