FOXO3 and cancer: Experimental studies have found that IGF-1 can promote cancer cell proliferation and migration as well as inhibit apoptosis through AKT/FOXO3A/BIM34, PI3K-AKT-mTOR35 and RAS-MAPK36 pathways, and it has also been found that it promotes angiogenesis in prostate cancer37, which may be one of the reasons for the increase in the risk of PCa by IGF-1.