REN and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Our findings showed that increased maximum lifetime BMI may increase the percentage of crossing nailfold capillaries, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, regular exercise, duration of diabetes, HbA1c level, DBP, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use, lipid-modifying medication, and obesity status at the time of the survey.