BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; BMI, body mass index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; IQR, interquartile range. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.