The mean serum prostate-specific antigen levels were 2.78 ± 0.96 ng/mL, 6.30 ± 5.94 ng/mL and 40.75 ± 34.90 ng/mL in controls, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, respectively (Figure 1). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.