HMOX1 and osteoporosis: According to the above discussion, we concluded that individual treatment with testosterone or OMT ameliorated osteoporosis in ORX rats that was associated with alleviated inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, reduced MDA and Keap1, enhanced GSH, and upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 with observed non-significant changes between both treatment groups.