Blockade of ROCK2 activity using Slx-2119 inhibitor drug suppressed proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed mucosa from IBD patients including TNFα blocking infliximab-unresponsive CD patients, and inhibited IBD CD4 + T cells to differentiate into Th1 and Th17 cells through downregulating phosphorylated Stat1 and Stat3, but promoted Treg cell differentiation through upregulating phosphorylated Stat5. Here, ROCK2 is linked to Cowden disease.