A study of liraglutide (3.0 mg for 16 weeks) reported weight loss in patients with MC4R deficiency (6.8 kg ± 1.8 kg) compared to controls (6.1 kg ± 1.2 kg) (61), suggesting that GLP-1 RAs may work independently of a fully functional leptin-melanocortin pathway. Here, MC4R is linked to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.