In sharp contrast to the short-term graft outcomes, few double-labeled Stem121+NeuN+ neurons were detectable in the hippocampus, while Stem121+IBA1+ microglial cells and stem121+GFAP+ astrocytes were present in little abundance after 6 months of administration (Figure S20), suggesting that hDPSCs-derived neurons and cells appear to be refractory to long-term survival under persistent pathological insults of AD. The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.