Notably, given the ability of cranial neural crest-derived hDPSCs to differentiate into functional neuron-like cells, which may also be closely coupled with the regeneration of the lost neurons, the transplanted hDPSCs and their differentiation status in the hippocampus of AD mice were detected by double immunofluorescence staining for the specific anti-human cell marker Stem121 and neural markers NeuN, IBA1, and GFAP. Here, GFAP is linked to Alzheimer disease.