Recent studies indicate that HVEM’s function is particularly crucial in colitis, with its role in epithelial cells being vital for innate mucosal defense against pathogenic bacteria in mouse models of colitis.377 HVEM enhances immune responses and increases the expression of immune-related genes in epithelial cells by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoting kinase-dependent activation of Stat3, indicating its important coordinative role in mucosal immunity. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colitis.