CXCR4 and infection: Infection was also associated with the marked upregulation of CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) genes, associated with CD8+ T cell response and the recruitment of NK cells, respectively, while C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), CXC motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and CXCR5 genes, which are involved in the chemotaxis and migration of T cells and neutrophils, were downregulated (Figure 2B).