In whole blood of patients infected with MPV, IAV, or SARS-CoV-2, the top differentially expressed putative cis-regulatory lncRNA-mRNA pairs were G-quadruplex Forming Sequence Containing lncRNA (GSEC) and ST3 beta-galactosidase alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 (ST3GAL4), LINC02422 and Retroelement Silencing Factor 1 (RESF1), and Colitis Associated IRF1 antisense Regulator of Intestinal Homeostasis (CARINH) and Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1) (Figs 1F and S1B). Here, IRF1 is linked to colitis.