For example, in the case of murine models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, atg8ylation machinery protects against tuberculosis pathogenesis but Atg5 knockout has a particularly strong phenotype exceeding other atg8ylation genes, sugestiong that ATG5 possesses atg8ylation (mATG8s lipid conjugation) independent functions (Wang et al., 2023; Castillo et al., 2012; Watson et al., 2012; Kimmey et al., 2015; Golovkine et al., 2023; Kinsella et al., 2023). The gene discussed is ATG5; the disease is tuberculosis.