We, therefore, checked whether prolonged elevated glucose and palmitic acid concentrations (mimicking glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity), both present in T2D individuals [29] or proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IFN-ɣ (detected in AD brains [29] or a combination of both factors would affect the expression of IRIS-1 and 2 isoforms in neurons. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.