A study exploring the therapeutic utility of microRNA-136-5p in EVs derived from mice bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells demonstrated that the inhibition of GNAS/STAT3 signaling pathway and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation resulting in reduced liver inflammation and enhanced M2 macrophage polarization through the GNAS-mediated PI3K/ERK/STAT3 axis in an animal model of chronic liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride [240]. Here, GNAS is linked to inflammatory response.