Non-steroidogenic cells transfected with the side-chain cleavage system (P450scc/FDX/FDXR) synthesize pregnenolone in the absence of StAR at about 14% of the StAR-induced rate (Lin et al. 1995); this observation led to the formulation of the ‘two-hit model’ of lipoid CAH (Bose et al. 1996). Here, STAR is linked to congenital adrenal hyperplasia.