Meanwhile, we found that secretion of factors associated with anti-inflammatory (MRC1, CXCL8, and MAFB) (Cambier et al. 2023; Kim 2017) in the high CDI group was significantly enhanced, while CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 expression in the low CDI group was increased (enhanced paracrine CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 expression indicates anti-tumor activity (Tokunaga et al. 2018); (Fig. 8G). Here, MAFB is linked to clostridium difficile infection.