In the LAMININ, COLLAGEN, and VEGF signaling pathway networks, tumor cells with a high CDI produced more signaling associations with endothelial cells and fibroblasts (Fig. 7H), which may facilitate the migration and metastasis of tumor cells and angiogenesis (Carmeliet 2005; Hao et al. 2022; Song et al. 2022). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.