CD8A and cancer: For example, bacterial metabolites increase cancer cell expression of HLA class I, resulting in greater responsiveness to immunotherapy.57 In another case, microbial signals decrease the production of chemokines produced by tumor cells, reducing the function of CD8+ T cells.11 Our study emphasizes the significance of the activation of tumor cell signal pathways and the following secretion of chemokines for regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and suppressing tumorigenesis by L. intestinalis.