CCL5 and neoplasm: CCL5 (C–C motif chemokine ligand 5) is a chemokine that exhibits activity on dendritic cell migration.30 Several studies have demonstrated that CCL5 secretion in the TME had an effective anti-tumor therapy.31,32 We hypothesized that the L. intestinalis-induced DC recruitment relied on the upregulation of CCL5 in tumor cells.