TNF and infection: Five of 11 CpG sites assessed in the TNFα promoter were hypermethylated in PBMC CD8+ T cells post-SIV infection compared to pre-infection (Figure 5A), of which only 1 CpG site at position -340 was significantly hypermethylated in intestinal compared to lymph node CD8+ T cells in SIV-infected animals (Figure 6F).