Studies have reported the inhibitory effect of DDX3X on DTMUV replication, with overexpressed duck-derived DDX3X positively regulating type I interferon in DEFs and suppressing DTMUV replication during early infection, although it did not significantly impact the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL-8 [37]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.