Exposure of 2-ET, 3-ET, and 4-ET to HepaRG and HCC HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells affects mitochondrial respiration/cellular energetics and upregulates metabolic CYP1-A1, CYP1-A2, CYP2-D6, CYP2-E1, CYP3-A4, CYP3-B4, and VEGFA gene expression. The gene discussed is CYP3A4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.