Acute exposure of 2-ET, 3-ET, and 4-ET, one or in combination, and chronic 2-ET exposure upregulated cell fibrosis markers such as AST, FGF-23, Cyt-7 p21, TGFβ, TIMP2, and MMP2 in liver cell models, suggesting that ETs target liver cells (Figure 6C) and may dysregulate liver function and increase risk of liver diseases such as NAFLD. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.