INS and metabolic syndrome: Specifically, the biological aging process (i.e., hallmarks of aging [2]) and acquired risk factors in obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as excess body fat (BF), dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia, independently fuel a ‘vicious cycle’ of organellar damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation [3], which exacerbates peripheral insulin resistance, adipose tissue expansion, and ectopic lipid deposition (i.e., hepato- and myosteatosis).