Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a meal composed only of foods that are classified as UPFs according to the NOVA classification, compared to a meal with similar foods but that are not classified as UPFs, matched for macronutrients, energy density, fibers, and sodium, on appetitive measures, PPEE, autonomic function, satiety hormones, and insulin sensitivity in individuals with obesity. Here, INS is linked to Obesity.