The sesquiterpene compound arnicolide D has been found to promote ER stress–induced apoptosis via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, HepG2 and Huh7, where NAC treatment could inhibit arnicolide D-induced ER stress and apoptosis [49]. Here, DDIT3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.