TNF and bacterial infectious disease: These proinflammatory cytokines, with the addition of IFN-γ, mediate protective immunity against bacterial infections via activating immune cells in phagocytose, eventually leading to the killing of bacteria, of which TNF plays a crucial role in the early control of B. abortus control, while IL-6 is involved activating immune cells and plays a protective role in the immune response against B. abortus infection, IL-12 is involved in activating macrophages that can kill intracellular Brucella and IFN-γ is involved in immune response to Brucella and bacterial clearance [37,38,39,40].