A rat lung fibrosis injury model was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM) at 5 mg/kg, and the results showed that salidroside (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection for 28 days) dose-dependently inhibited the IκBα phosphorylation and the NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Here, NFKB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.