During ALI development, TNF-α regulates alveolar epithelial cell damage and repair processes by activating several molecular signaling pathways, including MAPK, NF-κB, AMPK/SIRT1, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, Fas/FasL, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch [18,19,20,21,22,23]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.