GIP and diabetes mellitus: Previous studies in healthy individuals demonstrated that PAS inhibits the secretion of insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), whereas the drug’s inhibitory effect on glucagon secretion is only modest, all of which may contribute to carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, a rise in blood glucose levels, and the development of IGT or diabetes [65].