CASP4 and atherosclerosis: Various stimuli, such as nicotine, hyperlipidemia, oxidized modified low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), cholesterol crystals (CCs), and palmitate, promote atherosclerosis and can induce pyroptosis-associated inflammasome and caspases pathway activation through different signaling pathways [3,4,5,6].The molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis mainly include caspase-1-dependent canonical and caspase-4/5/11-dependent non-canonical pathway under different pathological conditions.