IL-1β and IL-18, generated by the NLRP3-inflammasome, could cause persistent immune and inflammatory responses by activating the generation of various other immune cell-mediated cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and melanocyte-inhibiting factor (MIF-1) leading to tumor growth and metastasis. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.