TNF and neurodegenerative disease: The downregulation of proinflammation in the microglia of LPS-induced mice was associated with reduced cytokine levels, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, demonstrating that CX3CR1+ Treg is a potent regulator of locally activated microglia and might be used as a potential therapeutic target to control neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases related to inflammation (Figure 5A,B).