Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, m-TOR, and MCP-1 have been previously reported in juvenile SHRs in other brain regions involved in ADHD, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus [30,119]. Here, IL1A is linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.