According to the report, sera from T2DM patients were applied to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culture, and it was found that osteogenic genes, Runx2, OPN (Spp1), and OCN (Bglap) gene expressions in the MSCs were depressed with the increasing level of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c in the sera [46]. Here, SPP1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.