ACE and autoimmune disease: Certain medications can induce even more substantial fetal developmental toxicity, including valproic acid as an anticonvulsant, lithium for bipolar disorder, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for hypertension, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), methotrexate for autoimmune diseases, the anticoagulant warfarin, and thalidomide, which was once used to treat morning sickness but is now used as an anti-cancer agent [16,17,18,19,20,21,22].