CCL2 and plasma cell myeloma: While the specific relationship between Gal-4 and Multiple Myeloma (MM) has not yet been established, it is known that Gal-4 interacts with vascular endothelium, contributing to increased circulation of several cytokines and chemokines, such as Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) [36].