Exosomes, derived from either SDF-1 or CXCR4 overexpressing MSCs, were able to provide better cardioprotection than non-modified MSC-Exo in rodent MI, and the same PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in conferring the beneficial effects, as shown in two separate studies [122,123]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is myocardial infarction.