This study identified a significant reduction in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (ppRNFL) thickness, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and astrocyte density, along with an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and staining intensity in the retinas of marmosets induced with myopia continuously for 6 months compared to age-matched controls. Here, GFAP is linked to myopia.