Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that serum Chi3l1 levels are significantly correlated with infarct volume, stroke severity, and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, whereas increased Chi3l1 levels appear to be associated with periventricular white matter hyperintensity (PV-WMH) but not overall WMH or deep WMH (D-WMH) in AIS patients [116,117,118]. Here, CHI3L1 is linked to androgen insensitivity syndrome.