The present review of the recent literature and our own pre- and clinical data suggest (for the first time) that the anthranilic acid (AA)-induced activation of microglial-expressed G-protein coupled receptor (GPR109A) inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), an enzyme that triggers the degradation of myelin and consequently attenuates cognitive impairment. The gene discussed is HCAR2; the disease is Cognitive impairment.