Recently, Nrf2 has been identified as a key modulator of oxidative stress response, and it has been shown to play a dual role in tumor progression, since it suppresses cell damage caused by oxidative stress and exerts an anti-inflammatory function, thus inhibiting tumor initiation, as demonstrated in studies showing that Nfe2l2−/− mice are more susceptible to cancer induced by chemical and radiation exposure, an effect that is likely to be related to an impaired oxidative stress response [34,55]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and cancer.